Prevalencia y factores asociados a las lesiones musculoesqueléticas en policías militares en formación
Palabras clave:
prevalencia, factores associados, entrenamiento, rehabilitación, prevenciónResumen
Las lesiones musculoesqueléticas representan un problema significativo durante la formación de policías militares, comprometiendo el desempeño individual y la eficiencia institucional. Este estudio investigó la prevalencia, los factores asociados y las características de estas lesiones en policías militares de la Policía Militar de Sergipe (PMSE) durante los cursos de formación inicial. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y cuantitativo realizado con 494 policías
militares (25,5% mujeres y 74,5% hombres, edad media 29,92±4,17 y 29,57±4,45 años respectivamente) matriculados en el Curso de Formación de Oficiales (CFO) y los Cursos de Formación de Soldados (CFSd 2019, 2021 y 2022). Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un cuestionario electrónico adaptdo, abordando el historial de práctica física, las características del entrenamiento y la ocurrencia de lesiones. Los análisis incluyeron estadística descriptiva, pruebas de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística multivariada (p<0,05). La prevalencia de lesiones fue del 37,4%, significativamente mayor entre los participantes con historial previo (51,6% vs. 34,2%; p=0,003). Las mujeres presentaron mayor ocurrencia (42,9% vs. 35,6%; p=0,155), con un 81% reportando práctica física previa. El entrenamiento con pesas fue predominante entre lsa mujeres (64,3%; p<0,001), mientras la carrera fue más comum entre los hombres (34,8%; p=0,003). La Educación Física Militar (17,4%) y la Defensa Personal Policial (8,7%, con 15,1% en mujeres vs. 6,5%; p=0,001) fueron las actividades más associadas a lesiones. Los esfuerzos percebidos como “agotadores” (13,2%) se correlacionaron positivamente con el tiempo de recuperación (r=0,246; p<0,01). Las mujeres recurrieron más a fisioterapia (9,5% vs. 3,5%; p=0,013) e inmovilización (4% vs. 1,6%; p=0,046). La alta prevalencia de lesiones resalta la necesidad de estrategias preventivas, tales como el tamizaje del historial previo, el monitoreo en actividades de alto riesgo y programas y programas de fortalecimiento muscular adaptados a las diferencias fisiológicas por sexo, com el fin de reducir los impactos y garantizar la continuidad de la formación.
Referencias
Batista, L. R. A. F. Policial Militar: Identidade, Função e Responsabilidades. RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218, v. 5, n. 1, p. e514795, 26 jan. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v5i1.4795
Carvalho, F. B. Prevalência e medidas preventivas de lesões na formação de militares. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 9, n. 9, p. 27174–27196, 26 set. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n9-106
Casale, R. et al. Pain in Women: A Perspective Review on a Relevant Clinical Issue that Deserves Prioritization. Pain and Therapy, v. 10, n. 1, p. 287–314, jun. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-021-00244-1
Clifton, D. R. et al. Financial Impact of Embedded Injury-Prevention Experts in US Army Initial Entry Training. Journal of Athletic Training, v. 58, n. 6, p. 511–518, 1 jun. 2023. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0353.22
Dartt, C. E. et al. Determinants of Medical Care-Seeking Behavior for Musculoskeletal Conditions During US Marine Corps Training: A Thematic Analysis. Journal of Athletic Training, v. 59, n. 12, p. 1203–1212, 1 dez. 2024. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0707.23
Dhahbi, W. et al. Injury Profiling in Male Police Cadets During Initial Training Phase: A Retrospective Cohort Study. American Journal of Men’s Health, v. 18, n. 6, p. 15579883241304584, nov. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/15579883241304584
Flanagan, S. D. et al. Prediction of exertional lower extremity musculoskeletal injury in tactical populations: protocol for a systematic review and planned meta-analysis of prospective studies from 1955 to 2018. Systematic Reviews, v. 7, n. 1, p. 244, dez. 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-018-0883-6
Greeves, J. P. et al. Current risks factors and emerging biomarkers for bone stress injuries in military personnel. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, v. 26, p. S14–S21, jun. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2023.04.006
Hearn, D. W. et al. Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injury in US Military Academy Cadet Basic Training: A Survival Analysis Evaluating Sex, History of Injury, and Body Mass Index. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, v. 9, n. 10, p. 1-10, 11 out. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/23259671211039841
Hespanhol Junior, L. C. et al. Perfil das características do treinamento e associação com lesões musculoesqueléticas prévias em corredores recreacionais: um estudo transversal. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, São Carlos, v. 16, n. 1, p. 46-53, Jan/Fev 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-35552012000100009
Lovalekar, M. et al. Musculoskeletal injuries in military personnel-Descriptive epidemiology, risk factor identification, and prevention. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, v. 24, n. 10, p. 963–969, out. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2021.03.016
Maupin, D. J. et al. Profiling the injuries of law enforcement recruits during academy training: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, v. 14, n. 1, p. 136, dez. 2022. DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00533-y
Murphy, M. C. et al. Musculoskeletal injury epidemiology in law enforcement and firefighter recruits during physical training: a systematic review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, v. 8, n. 1, p. e001289, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001289
Murphy, M. C. et al. Epidemiology of musculoskeletal injury in military recruits: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, v. 15, n. 144, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00755-8
Nye, N. S. et al. Universal Training Precautions: A Review of Evidence and Recommendations for Prevention of Exercise-Related Injury, Illness, and Death in Warfighters and Athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, v. 58, n. 3, p. 232–243, 1 mar. 2023. DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-0400.21
Pandey, N.; Bindra, S. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Police Employees: A Survey Study. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, v. 8, n. 3, p. 124–131, 26 jul. 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20230319
Rhon, D. I. et al. Much work remains to reach consensus on musculoskeletal injury risk in military service members: A systematic review with meta‐analysis. European Journal of Sport Science, v. 22, n. 1, p. 16–34, jan. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1931464
Sammito, S. et al. Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries in the military: A qualitative systematic review of the literature from the past two decades and a new prioritizing injury model. Military Medical Research, v. 8, n. 1, p. 1–25, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-021-00357-w
Santos, H. C. M. et al. Relação Entre Dor Musculoesquelética e Condições de Trabalho de Policiais Militares. Psicologia e Saúde em Debate, v. 6, n. 2, p. 356–372, 22 dez. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22289/2446-922X.V6N2A24
Sawyer, S. et al. Profiling the Injuries Sustained by Police Trainees Undergoing Initial Training: A Retrospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, v. 18, n. 14, p. 7335, 8 jul. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147335
Schram, B. et al. Injury rates in female and male military personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Women’s Health, v. 22, n. 1, p. 310, 25 jul. 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01899-4
Seyedi, M. et al. Musculoskeletal Injuries in Police Enforcement Trainees in the Pre-service Training Course of Iran. Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy Journal, v. 14, n. 1, p. 53–64, 1 jan. 2024. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/ptj.14.1.541.2
Silva, E. B. da et al. Impacto do Treinamento Físico Institucional na Força de Membros Superiores em Policiais em Formação: estudo quase-experimental. ARACÊ, v. 7, n. 9, p. e8006, 10 set. 2025a. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n9-108
Silva, E. B. et al. Efeitos do Treinamento Físico Estruturado em Alunos do Curso de Formação de Soldados Policiais em 2022. Revista ft, v. 29, n. 150, p. 23–24, 9 set. 2025b. DOI: 10.69849/revistaft/cl10202509091123
Silva, E. B.; Santos, J. L. Incidência de Lesões Musculoesqueléticas em Alunos do Curso de Formação de Soldados da Polícia Militar de Sergipe 2019/2020. VIGILANTIS SEMPER - Revista Científica de Segurança Pública - e_ISSN 2764-3069 | ISSN 2764-5908, [S. l.], v. 4, n. 7, p. p. 72 – 78, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.revista.pm.rn.gov.br/index.php/revista/article/view/153. Acesso em: 26 mar. 2026.
Stannard, J. et al. Musculoskeletal Injury in Australian Infantry Personnel: A Cross-sectional Study to Understand Prevention Priorities. Military Medicine, v. 190, n. 3–4, p. e682–e689, 27 fev. 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usae427
Stiltner, S. et al. Efficacy of Corrective Exercise on Improving Functional Movement within the Tactical Population: A Critically Appraised Topic. Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers’ Association, v. 9, n. 1, maio 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25035/jsmahs.09.01.06
Zakaria, N. Z. A. et al. Protecting Those Who Protect Us: A Review of Psychosocial Factors and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Police Officers. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, v. 19, n. s14, p. 120–130, 12 dez. 2023. DOI: 10.47836/mjmhs.19.s14.13
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Categorías
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Revista Ciencia & Policía
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Este artigo está licenciado sob uma Licença Creative Commons. Com essa licença você pode compartilhar, adaptar, para qualquer fim, desde que atribua a autoria da obra, forneça um link para a licença, e indicar se foram feitas alterações.
